POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

UNIT I: Symmetrical three-phase short circuit on power systems, calculation of interrupting capacity of circuit breakers, current limiting reactors, symmetrical components, synthesis of unbalanced phasors from symmetrical components, representation of phase variables voltage, current and power in terms of symmetrical components, sequence impedances of power system elements, sequence networks of power system elements, phase shift in star-delta transformer banks. UNIT II: Unsymmetrical Short Circuits Single line-to-ground, line-to-line, double-line-to-ground faults on unloaded alternators, unsymmetrical faults on power systems, fault through impedance, open conductor faults. UNIT III: Power System Stability The stability problem, steady-state stability, transient stability, Swing equation, Equal area criterion of stability, application of equal area criterion, step-by-step solution of the swing equation, factors affecting transient stability, UNIT IV: Load Flow Studies Formulation of bus admittance matrix, formulation of load-flow equations and their solution techniques, digital computer techniques, reactive power optimization. UNIT V: Automatic Generation & Voltage control Introduction, single area and two area load frequency control, and Economic dispatch control, optimal (two area) load frequency control, automatic voltage control, Tie-line bias control.